Identification of the two KIT isoforms and their expression status in canine hemangiosarcomas

BACKGROUND KIT is a tyrosine kinase growth factor receptor. High expression of KIT has been found in several tumors including canine hemangiosarcoma (HSA). This study investigated the correlation of KIT expression and c-kit sequence mutations in canine HSAs and benign hemangiomas (HAs). RESULTS Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining confirmed KIT expression in 94.4 % (34/36) of HSAs that was significantly higher than 0 % in HAs (0/16). Sequencing the entire c-kit coding region of HSAs and normal canine cerebellums (NCCs) revealed GNSK-deletion in exon 9. As for exon 9 genotyping by TA-cloning strategy, GNSK-deletion c-kit accounted for 48.6 % (68/140) colonies amplified from12 KIT-positive HSAs, a significantly higher frequency than 14.1 % (9/64) of colonies amplified from six NCCs. CONCLUSIONS Due to the distinct expression pattern revealed by IHC, KIT might be used to distinguish benign or malignant vascular endothelial tumors. Moreover, the high incidence of GNSK-deletion c-kit in canine HSAs implicates KIT isoforms as possibly participating in the tumorigenesis of canine HSAs.